As Ukraine defies expectations, its warring forces have advanced their strategies by carrying out bold and unexpected assaults deep into Russian territory, prompting hostile reaction from pro-Kremlin voices. Attacks ranging from drone strikes on oil refineries to sabotage operations near the border have met both admiration and alarm from Russian leaders alike.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has justified Ukraine’s strikes as “necessary measures of self-defense.” According to him, Ukraine has every right to attack military and economic targets within Russia that fuel its war machine. Western observers note that these operations demonstrate both improved Ukrainian intelligence capabilities as well as an increasing willingness to bring their fight directly onto Russian soil.

Russian state television has responded with nationalist fervor. Pro-Kremlin pundits have taken to the airwaves to demand more aggressive military actions and hint at Russia’s nuclear arsenal. “There must be a serious demonstration of our power,” declared Vladimir Solovyov, an influential pro-Kremlin commentator. If NATO continues prodding us through Ukraine, “then let them remember we are nuclear states.

Western analysts are alarmed by Russian propaganda’s casual invocation of nuclear weapons as part of any conflict, warning it could escalate rapidly into global conflict. According to former U.S. national security advisor Fiona Hill: “This rhetoric serves both intimidate and reflect growing anxiety within Moscow.

Indeed, Ukraine’s recent operations have sent shockwaves through Moscow’s carefully orchestrated narrative of control. Reports of sabotage in Belgorod and drone attacks near the Kremlin have disproved any belief that its core remains impregnable; even with their military superiority on paper, Russia now must face up to the fact that Ukrainian forces may penetrate its defenses.

NATO leaders have called for restraint. Although supportive of Ukraine’s right to defend itself, Western governments remain wary about any strikes on Russian territory that might cause further escalation. U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken stressed the need to avoid actions which widen the war by being mindful about taking offensive actions such as strikes on Russian territory that might escalate tensions further.

Inside Russia, however, hardliners are making headway. Some lawmakers are advocating martial law in border regions while others want intensified missile strikes against Kyiv and other Ukrainian cities. Moscow appears to be gripped with wounded pride and rising frustration.

As the conflict escalates, Ukraine’s strategy of asymmetric warfare is proving successful in dislodging Russian trust; but with increasingly frequent references to nuclear weapons in Russian media discourse, not just for Ukraine but for global stability as a whole.

Uncertain is whether or not this latest round of threats and posturing are simply empty rhetoric or signals that hostilities have escalated further – what is clear however is that war has entered an unprecedented period of volatility and instability.