Protests have once again erupted in Pakistan-administered Kashmir (Azad Jammu and Kashmir, AJK), driven by longstanding economic hardships and political frustrations. The recent unrest, which began in late September 2025, has led to violent clashes between demonstrators and security forces, resulting in multiple fatalities and injuries.

Key Factors Behind the Protests

Economic Hardships: Rising inflation has significantly impacted the cost of living in AJK. Essential commodities, including food and electricity, have become increasingly unaffordable for the average citizen. The Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee (JKJAAC), a coalition of civil society groups, initiated the protests demanding subsidies on food and electricity, as well as reductions in utility tariffs.
AP News

Political Discontent: Protesters have expressed dissatisfaction with the local government’s governance, accusing it of corruption and mismanagement. There is a growing sentiment that the political elite is disconnected from the needs of the common people, leading to calls for greater autonomy and accountability.
The Diplomat

Resource Exploitation: Demonstrators allege that Pakistan’s central government is exploiting the region’s natural resources without adequate compensation or benefits to the local population. This includes concerns over the management of water resources and the construction of dams that affect local communities.
The Diplomat

Government Response and Ongoing Clashes

The AJK government, supported by federal authorities, has deployed security forces to quell the protests. Clashes have resulted in at least nine deaths and over 100 injuries, with both civilians and police officers affected. In response to the escalating violence, the government has imposed curfews and communication blackouts in certain areas to prevent the spread of information and limit mobilization.
Reuters

International Reactions

The unrest in AJK has drawn international attention, with neighboring India condemning Pakistan’s handling of the situation. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs labeled the recent violence as “horrific violations” and criticized Pakistan’s “oppressive approach” in the region. India has also raised concerns over the exploitation of resources in AJK, calling for greater international scrutiny.
The Times of India
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Outlook

The situation in Pakistan-administered Kashmir remains tense, with ongoing protests and a heavy security presence. The demands of the protesters continue to center on economic relief, political reform, and greater autonomy. The government’s ability to address these grievances while maintaining stability will be crucial in determining the region’s future trajectory.